Mesenchymal stromal cells are cells that can be isolated from the bone marrow (BM), fat, umbilical cord blood and other tissues. After intravenous administration are able to go to places inflammation and tissue damage and participate in tissue regeneration processes. These mesenchymal cells have generated much interest in the field of Regenerative Medicine in the last decade.
It has been reported the presence of mesenchymal cells (infused intravenously) in the central nervous system, thus demonstrating the ability of these cells to cross the blood-brain barrier in their migration to sites of tissue damage, a finding of great importance for their application in central nervous system diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
The place of production of mesenchymal cells may be multiple (bone marrow, adipose tissue, amniotic membrane, placenta, umbilical cord blood, etc..), These cell populations are not homogeneous and have, therefore, different spectra of therapeutic action.
Mesenchymal cells are being used in multiple phase I and II trials for a wide variety of non-haematological diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, Hurler disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, myocardial infarction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Crohn's enf, diabetes mellitus, refractory ulcers, and healing of fistulas in inflammatory bowel disease, etc.
At present, therefore, there are several ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis with autologous mesenchymal cells (the individual's own) or allogeneic (from another individual). ClinicalTrials.gov website can be found that reflects the clinical trials in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world about it.
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